中国鲤科鱼类染色体组型的研究 Ⅴ.（鱼句）亚科10种鱼的染色体组型

中国鲤科鱼类染色体组型的研究 Ⅴ.（鱼句）亚科10种鱼的染色体组型 STUDIES ON THE KARYOTYPES OF CHINESE CYPRINID FISHES V. Karyotypes of Species of Gobionid Fishes 李康 1 first-author 桂建芳 1 洪云汉 1 李渝成 1 周暾 1 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所湖北省沙市分所 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所湖北省沙市分所 本文报道对鲤科鲍亚科6属10种鱼的染色体组型的分析结果。它们的染色体二倍数均为2n=50,并都有1对或2对具末端次缢痕的染色体。核型可分为两类,第一类有较多的st和t组染色体,臂数较低。第二类m和sm组染色体较多,只有1—2对st组染色体,没有t组染色体,臂数较高。对它们核型特征的分析表明,本亚科鱼类的基本的染色体二倍数是50;在从原始型到特化型的进化过程中,染色体数目的演化是保守的,显示较稳定的特征,但染色体臂数变化较大,m和sm组染色体趋向增加。因此推测它们的染色体在进化过程中,发生了较多的导致染色体臂数改变的臂间倒位、易位等较大的染色体重排。鲍亚科鱼类的核型与鳊亚科,鲴亚科鱼类的核型特征相比较,我们认为鲍亚科和鳊、鲴二亚科鱼类应属不同的进化分支。 The karyotypese of 10 species of Gobioninae （Cyprinidae） were analysed through chromosome preparations with either 1). PHA- cultured kidney cells in vitro or 2). un-cultured kidney ceils by injecting PHA in vivo and treating with colchicine in vitro. These fishes, belonging to 6 genera, are Hemibarbus maculatus, H. labeo,H. longirostris, Paracanthobrama guichenoti, Pseudorasbora parvd, Gnathopogon argentatas, Gn. sihuensis, Coreius heterodoxy, C. guichenoti and Abbottina rivularis. The specimens were collected from the markets in Shashi and Wu-ban City, Hubei Province and Shaoguan distrrct, Guangdong Province. The diploid chromosome numbers （2n） of these 10 species are the same,i.e.50, but with different karyotypical features. Their karyotypes can be divid-ed into two groups. One group has more suhtelocentries and telocentrics and less fundamental arm number （NF） than the other. The results obtained indi-cate that, in the course of evolution from the original types to the special types in Gobionid fishes, the change of chromosome number is conservative while the change of fundamental arm number is comparatively active. Compar-ing the karyotypes of Gobionid fishes with those of Abramid and Xenocyprinid fishes, we would like to propose that the species of Gobioninae and the species of Abramidinae and Xenocyprininae should belong to different branches in Cyprinid phylogenetic system. 中国科学院科学基金 1984-03-01 2021-04-01 3