新疆野生油菜和西德“尤嫩斯”黑芥的细胞学研究

新疆野生油菜和西德“尤嫩斯”黑芥的细胞学研究 STUDIES ON THE KARYOTYPE AND POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF XINGIANG WILD MUSTARD AND BLACK MUSTARD（Brassica nigra Koch） 杨萍 first-author 利容千 曾子申 本文对我国新疆野生油菜和西德"尤嫩斯"黑芥（Brassica nigra koch）的核型与花粉的电镜扫描进行了形态分析。结果表明两者在染色体核型和花粉形态特征方面均有差异。新疆野生油莱的核型为2n=18=14m（2SAT）+4sm（2SAT）,"尤嫩斯"黑芥的核型为2n=16=14m（4SAT）+2sm; 新疆野生油莱的花粉为扁球形和圆球形,萌发孔为3合孔沟和散孔沟,外壁纹饰网状,网脊向网眼内有疣状突起。"尤嫩斯"黑芥的花粉为圆球形,萌发孔为3孔沟,外壁纹饰网状,也具有疣状突起。通过对新疆野生油莱和"尤嫩斯"黑芥的核型和花粉特征比较,得出其核型的差异与表型（花粉特征）差异是一致的。并对新疆野生油莱的分类问题进行了讨论。 The karyotype and pollen morphology of Xinjiang wild mustard and black mustard have been studied by using a new method of preparing mitoic chromosome specimens in plant and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the karyotype of Xinjiang wild mustard is 2n=18 =14m（2SAT）+4sm（2SAT）, and the karyotype of black mustard（from West Germany） is 2n=16=14m（4SAT）+2sm. Both of the plant’s pollen morphology are three colpi on the surface and the sculpture of ektexine is reticulate. But there still are definite difference between the two kinds of plants. The difference of karyotype is in keep with the difference of pollen morphology. According to the karyotype and pollen morphology analysis, the authors conjecture that the Xinjiang wild mustard is the wild black mustard. 野生油菜 黑芥 核型 wild rape brassica nigra karyotype 中国科学院科学基金 1987-02-01 2021-04-01 2