江陵凤凰山168号墓西汉古尸纤维蛋白的X射线衍射研究

江陵凤凰山168号墓西汉古尸纤维蛋白的X射线衍射研究 X-RAY DIFFRACTION STUDIES ON FIBROUS PROTEINS OF THE MALE CORPSE OF THE WESTERN HAN DYNASTY UNEARTHED FROM TOMB NO. 168 ON PHOENIX HILL AT JIANGLING COUNTY 丘冠英 Qiu Guanying Fang Shiguo Meng Xianju Chen Juanjuan Zhou Xiongbo 1 first-author 方世国 1 孟宪聚 1 陈娟娟 1 周雄博 1 武汉大学金属物理教研室 讲师 广东化学所 武汉大学金属物理教研室 讲师 广东化学所 本文用X射线衍射技术研究了古尸胶原和肌原纤维的衍射特征。古尸肌腱胶原蛋白的大角及小角衍射图均与现代人的非常相似,它们的衍射数据也相当接近,表明古尸胶原的分子构象保存良好。古尸骨骼肌的大角衍射图则同现代人的明显不同,呈"无定型图样",表明古尸骨骼肌肌球蛋白的分子结构已遭破坏。显然,作为人体器官和组织支架的胶原蛋白保存良好,是古尸整体及器官组织得以保存完整的重要物质基础。 An ancient male corpse buried 2142 years ago was unearthed in the summer of 1975 from the Han Tomb No. 168 on Phoenix Hill at Jiangling County, Hubei Province, China It was another valuable discovery sincc the excavation of the female corpse in the Han Tomb №. 1 at Mawangduiin 1973. The state of preservation of this corpse was as good as that of the female corpse of Mawangdui, although its sepulcher was not so elaborately constructed as that of the latter. It was a well-preserved sample seldom found so far in ancient corpse research. Using X-ray diffraction technique, we studied the molecular structures of the two kinds of fibrous proteins（i. e, the collagen in tendon and the myofibril in striated muscles）drawn from the ancient corpse and made comparison of their diffraction patterns with those given by a recent corpse in order to examine in what a good state these fibrous proteins had been preserved. The results obtained showed that the wide-angle and small-angle diffraction patterns of the tendon from the ancient corpse appeared very similar to those given by the recent corpse Both revealed a standard collagentype pattern. And all the reflections calculated on thediffractographs of both were quite coincided with one another. These results suggested that the molecular conformation of the collagen of Han corpse and its basic structural periods were well-preserved, but the arrangement of the fibrous molecules had been changed in some way. The wide-angle diffraction patterns of the aneient’s muscles were obviously different from the recent corpse’s. The latter manifested a typical α-keratin pattern while the former only showed two "haloes" . It was evident that the molecular structure of the myosin of Han corpse was already destroyed and was deviod of regular secondary structure. A fine state of preservation of the collagen, an important protein of connective tissues constituting the framework of a body, is certainly required as a physical basis for the preservation of an entire corpse. Since in a human body the muscles are the most weigty tissue and the collagen plays a very important part in organization, the study mentioned above is of significance for detecting the state of preservaton of the ancient corpse. The present results are consistent with the studies on the microstructures and ultrastructures of collagen and muscles from the Han corpse. 1980-04-01 2021-04-01 4