未传粉子房与胚珠的离体培养

未传粉子房与胚珠的离体培养 IN VITRO CULTURE OF UNPOLLINATED OVARIES AND OVULES IN ANGIOSPERMS 周嫦 Zhou Chang and Yang Hongyuan first-author 杨弘远 由未传粉的子房与胚珠培养出单倍体植株是当前植物组织培养与实验胚胎学领域中一项新的研究成果;从五十年代末期开始探索,至七十年代中期首次成功,迄今已有八种植物用这一方法诱导出单倍体植株。我国科学工作者在这一领域中作出了贡献,并居于先进行列。培养实验表明:基因型、胚囊发育时期、培养基,培养方式等因素对诱导效果均有影响。胚胎学观察初步揭示胚囊的不同发育时期与多种细胞均有可能在培养中启动分裂,形成胚状体或愈伤组织,但子房与胚珠体细胞组织亦可能增生。由雌核发育产生的植株多数为单倍体绿苗,亦有非单倍体与自苗。本项技术将有可能在单倍体育种中发挥其独特的作用,并为研究胚囊发育、单性生殖与胚胎发生的诸多理论问题开辟新的道路。 Induction of haploid plants by culture of unpollinated ovaries or ovules is an attractive area in plant tissue culture and experimental embryology. Beginning from 1950’s, it has won success in the middle of 1970’s. So far eight species have been induced to produce haploid plants by this method. This paper offers a preliminary put timely review on this problem, including the following five parts: （a） history and present situation, （b） factors affecting culture results, （c）embryological observations on in vitro gynogenesis, （d）cytological and genetical studies on gynogenic plants and （e） prospects. 1982-03-01 2021-04-01 3