湖北光敏感核不育水稻不育性的遗传与利用研究

湖北光敏感核不育水稻不育性的遗传与利用研究 STUDIES ONGENETICS AND UTILIZATION OF STERILITY WITH HUBEI PHOTOPERIOD-SENSITIVE GENIC MALE-STERILE RICE（HPGMR） 朱英国 Zhu Yingguo Yang Daichang Yu Jinghong Zhang Xiaoguo Fu Binying Mei Qiming 1 first-author 杨代常 1 余金洪 1 张晓国 1 付彬英 1 梅启明 1 武汉大学生物学系 武汉大学生物学系 Department of Biology,Wuhan University Department of Biology,Wuhan University 1980年开始以农垦58s、双8-14s 为材料,进行光敏感核不育水稻的遗传、光周期诱导、生理生化及利用研究。农垦58s 与农垦58品种杂交,光敏核不育性表现为一对主效基因控制的遗传行为,农垦58s 与不同生态型的早、中、晚粳品种杂交,表现为复杂遗传行为,光敏性与感光性呈独立遗传,但感光性对光敏不育性表达起重要调节作用。阐明了农垦58s育性转换的敏感期、光长、光质、光间断作用和红光远红光效应。开展了激素、多胺、总RNA 和酶系统研究,提出了光敏核不育性的调控模型。成功转育多种类型籼、粳光敏感核不育系,两系杂交稻开始在生产上利用。 Since 1980,the genetics,photoperiod induction,physiological characteristics and utilization of HPGMR have been studied with Nongken58s and Shuang8-14s. The photoperiod-sensitive genic sterility is controlled by one pairrl of main genes in cross of Nongkeng58s with Nongkenf58,but in crosses of Nongkeng58s with early medium and late japonica cultivars of different ecological types,its genetic behavior is complicated.Although the photoperiod-sensitive genic male-sterilty independed genetically on photoperiod response,the genes of photoperiod response play an important role on regulation of photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile gene.The photoperiod senstive duration of fertile transformation,lightlength,light wave length, effects of light-interruption,red light and far-red light were illuminated. Studies on hormones,polyamines,total RNA and enzymes were made.The regulative mode of photoperiod-senstive genic male-sterile gene was suggested. the many indica and japonica photoperiod-senstive genic male-sterile lines were succesefully bred.Two line Hybrid Rice are being applied in field production. 光敏感核不育水稻 遗传 调控 两系杂交稻 Hubei Photoperiod-senstive Genie Male-sterile Rice （HPGMR） genetics regulation Two Line Hybrid Rice （TLHR） Q321·6;Q321·8 国家“863”计划;国家自然科学基金重大项目资助课题 1992-02-01 2021-04-01 2