石化废水臭气的生物滤池处理

石化废水臭气的生物滤池处理 Research on Petrochemical Wastewater Odor Treated by Biofilter 谢冰 XIE Bing 1 2 first-author 米文秀 MI Wenxiu 1 2 梁少博 LIANG Shaobo 1 2 何国富 HE Guofu 1 2 徐亚同 XU Yatong 1 2 华东师范大学资源与环境科学学院/上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室 华东师范大学资源与环境科学学院/上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室 School of Resources and Environmental Science,East China Normal University/Shanghai Key Laboratory on Urbanization Ecological Process and Ecorestoration School of Resources and Environmental Science,East China Normal University/Shanghai Key Laboratory on Urbanization Ecological Process and Ecorestoration 华东师范大学资源与环境科学学院/上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室,上海,200062 华东师范大学资源与环境科学学院/上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室,上海,200062 研究了生物填料滤池对某石化废水产生的臭气的去除效果,并对滤料表面微生物群落结构进行了分析.结果表明,经过一个月左右的驯化,生物滤池对废气污染物的去除逐步提高,稳定阶段对硫化氢、氨氮及挥发性有机酸（VOCs）的平均去除率分别可达98%、91%和90%,并具有较好的抗冲击能力.填料表面生物膜的微生物培养计数表明,生物膜中异养细菌占绝对优势,真菌次之;分离培养得到的菌株中芽孢杆菌属占优势,占随机挑取菌株的62.5%,真菌中青霉属是优势类群.采用DNA单链构象多态性（SSCP）技术分析生物滤料表面微生物群落结构的结果表明,优势微生物种类大多为不可培养细菌,与纯培养分离所得到的微生物类群有很大不同,但优势种属为芽孢杆菌属,与纯培养得到的结果类似均是广泛存在于环境中的臭气污染物去除的主要微生物.滤池内微生物多样性及相似性随运行时间逐渐升高,说明生物填料上的微生物能够利用臭气污染物进行生长,并随运行时间逐渐趋于稳定,微生物群落的变化和系统功能变化相一致. Biological treatment of odors is attracting attention due to its benign eco-friendliness,energy-savings and low operating costs.This paper investigated the biofiltration treating foul air generated from wastewater treatment plant in a petrochemical factory as well as the biofilm microorganism community on the biofilter.The results showed that the average removal rate of H2S,ammonia and VOCs（volatile organic compounds） could be reached to 98%,91% and 90% respectively after a month acclimation,the biofiltration system has good resistance against shock inlet gas loading as well.The results of microbiological counting showed that the heterotrophic bacteria were predominated in biofilter isolation,and the next were fungi and actinomycetes.These bacterial and fungi are mostly identified as Bacillus（accounts for 62.5%） and Penicillium respectively.The results of SSCP（single strand conformation polymorphism） fingerprint showed that nearly half of the bands represented the uncultured bacteria and Bacillus is also the dominant bacteria,accounts for 33.3%,these bacteria and fungi have good acclimatization to environment and exist widely in soil,water and biology,which played important role in degradating odors pollutants.the microbial diversity and similarity were gradually increased during the running time,indicating that the microbial community in biofilter becomes stable,and matching the changes of system function. 生物滤池 臭气处理 微生物多样性 biofiltration odors removal microbial diversity X701 国家高技术研究发展计划（863）项目（2006AA06Z331）;上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室开放基金资助项目 2008-02-01 2021-04-01 2