土壤和沉积物石油污染现状

土壤和沉积物石油污染现状 Current Status of Petroleum-Contaminated Soils and Sediments 杜卫东 DU Weidong1 1 first-author 万云洋 WAN Yunyang1 1 2 钟宁宁 ZHONG Ningning1 1 费佳佳 FEI Jiajia1 1 张枝焕 ZHANG Zhihuan1 1 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院/油气资源与探测国家重点实验室 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院/油气资源与探测国家重点实验室 College of Geoscience,China University of Petroleum/State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting College of Geoscience,China University of Petroleum/State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting 清华大学环境学院/环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室 清华大学环境学院/环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室 School of Environment,Tsinghua University/State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment,Tsinghua University/State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control 针对全球石油污染的现状从原油的组成、分类与对环境的潜在影响、原油中有毒有害物质的成分、石油的工业工艺流程等方面进行了论述,并着重分析了中国土壤和沉积物原油污染,对松辽盆地、济阳坳陷、塔里木盆地、渤海油区等区域污染现状作了详细介绍,对石油勘探开发中重要污染源之一——化学助剂造成的污染也作了总括. The first national census of pollution sources was just done.Though its investigation was focused on heavy metal pollution and gas emission,it was found that,the oil emission as one major source of organic pollutants,reached to 782.1 thousand tones,4.35‰ amount of the total annual production in China,which was not an optimistic situation.Thus it is very necessary and urgent to make a timely summary because so much toxic compounds could be harmful to human beings,fragile environment and ecology system.This paper introduced in detail the global petroleum pollution from the components and categories,the potential harmful impact of petroleum,the recent researches on the toxic and harmful materials of petroleum,such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,sulfides and nitrides,heavy metals,and the impact of the process flows including prospecting,exploitation,gathering and transportation,refining,storage and sale in petroleum industries.We especially emphasized on our national petroleum-contaminated soils and sediments,and significantly introduced the current status of Songliao basin,Jiyang sag,Tarim basin,Bohai oil area.One of the most serious pollution sources caused by chemical additives in petroleum prospecting and exploitation was also introduced for a reference of interested stakeholders. 土壤 沉积物 石油污染 添加剂 有机污染 生物修复 soil sediment petroleum pollution additives organic pollution bioremediation 10.14188/j.1671-8836.2011.04.005 X53 国家自然科学基金资助项目（41072271）;教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划（NCET-09-0765）;北京市优秀人才支持计划（2010D009051000001）;北京市科技新星支持计划（2009A65）资助 2011-04-01 2021-04-01 4 57